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Deterioro cognitivo en adultos consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas en la ciudad de Bogotá a través de un estudio de caso
dc.contributor.advisor | Giraldo León, Cristian Iván | |
dc.contributor.author | Henao Vargas, Elkin Darío | |
dc.coverage.spatial | Bogotá D.C. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-11-14T12:55:24Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-11-14T12:55:24Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024-06-14 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10823/7419 | |
dc.description.abstract | El envejecimiento de la población mundial presenta desafíos de salud pública, como el impacto del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el deterioro cognitivo de los adultos mayores. En Bogotá, un 15% de los adultos mayores consume sustancias, siendo el alcohol el más común. Objetivo: Conocer el perfil cognitivo asociado al consumo de SPA en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Bogotá a través de un estudio de caso. Método Se realizo un estudio de caso de tres adultos mayores de la ciudad de Bogotá con historial de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Se aplicaron dos pruebas de cribado el MoCA y el MINI MENTAL (MMSE), una prueba de inteligencia fluida con las Matrices Progresivas de Raven y un tamizaje neuropsicológico con pruebas para medición de atención, fluidez verbal fonológica y semántica, habilidades visoconstruccionales y funciones ejecutivas. Resultados Los hallazgos más sobresalientes incluyen un rendimiento por debajo del promedio en razonamiento abstracto (Matrices Progresivas de Raven), dificultades en funciones ejecutivas y habilidades lingüísticas (WCST y fluidez fonológica y semántica), y limitaciones en memoria visuoespacial (Figura compleja de Rey). Conclusiones se observó preservación de la atención y flexibilidad cognitiva, pero con perfiles bajos en áreas del lenguaje y las funciones ejecutivas. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de evaluaciones integrales y personalizadas en esta población para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas que mejoren su calidad de vida y promuevan un envejecimiento saludable, abordando los desafíos específicos asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. | spa |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Resumen... 1 Capítulo 1... 2 Introducción... 2 Descripción del contexto general del tema... 2 Planteamiento del problema... 2 Pregunta de investigación... 5 Objetivo general... 5 Objetivos específicos... 5 Justificación... 5 Capítulo 2... 9 Marco de referencia... 9 Marco conceptual... 9 Marco teórico... 14 Marco Empírico... 20 Capítulo 3. Metodología... 23 Tipo y diseño de investigación... 23 Participantes... 23 Instrumentos de recolección de datos... 24 Protocolo de aplicación... 24 Estrategia del análisis de datos... 24 Consideraciones éticas... 25 Capítulo 4... 25 Resultados... 25 Discusión... 33 Conclusiones... 35 Limitaciones... 37 Recomendaciones... 38 Referencias bibliográficas... 39 Anexos... 50 Anexo 1. Protocolo de Aplicación... 50 Anexo 2. Pruebas Sujeto A... 50 Anexo 3. Pruebas Sujeto B... 50 Anexo 4. Pruebas Sujeto C... 50 Anexo 5. Descripción de pruebas de neuropsicológicas... 51 Anexo 6. Consentimiento Informado... 52 Lista de tablas Tabla 1. Perfil sociodemográfico de sujeto A... 25 Tabla 2. Perfil Sociodemográfico de sujeto B... 26 Tabla 3. Perfil Sociodemográfico de sujeto C... 26 Tabla 4. Examen Mental con Pruebas de Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) y Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)... 27 Tabla 5. Puntuaciones de Prueba TMT Parte A y Parte B... 29 Tabla 6. Puntuación de Prueba Figura de Rey... 30 Tabla 7. Evocación de Figura de rey... 30 Tabla 8. Puntuación de Prueba de STROOP... 31 Tabla 9. Puntuaciones de la prueba de las Tarjetas del Wisconsin (WCST)... 32 Tabla 10. Puntuaciones de la Tareas de Fluidez Verbal... 33 | spa |
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dc.title | Deterioro cognitivo en adultos consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas en la ciudad de Bogotá a través de un estudio de caso | spa |
dc.type | bachelorThesis | spa |
dc.type.local | Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | spa |
dc.title.translated | Cognitive impairment in adult consumers of psychoactive substances in the city of Bogotá through a case study | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Adulto mayor | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Deterioro cognitivo | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Neuropsicología | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Sustancias psicoactivas SPA | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Neurociencia cognitiva | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Sustancias psicoactivas - consumo | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Tercera edad - acompañamiento | spa |
dc.description.abstractenglish | The aging of the world population presents public health challenges, such as the impact of psychoactive substance use on cognitive decline in older adults. In Bogotá, 15% of older adults consume substances, alcohol being the most common. Objective: To know the cognitive profile associated with SPA consumption in older adults in the city of Bogotá through a case study. Method A case study was carried out on three older adults from the city of Bogotá with a history of psychoactive substance consumption. Two screening tests were applied, the MoCA and the MINI MENTAL (MMSE), a fluid intelligence test with Raven's Progressive Matrices and a neuropsychological screening with tests to measure attention, phonological and semantic verbal fluency, visual-constructional skills and executive functions. Results The most notable findings include below average performance in abstract reasoning (Raven's Progressive Matrices), difficulties in executive functions and linguistic skills (WCST and phonological and semantic fluency), and limitations in visuospatial memory (Rey's Complex Figure). Conclusions: preservation of attention and cognitive flexibility was observed, but with low profiles in areas of language and executive functions. These results highlight the need for comprehensive and personalized assessments in this population to develop effective interventions that improve their quality of life and promote healthy aging, addressing the specific challenges associated with the use of psychoactive substances. | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Cognitive impairment | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Neuropsychology | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | Older adults | spa |
dc.subject.keywords | SPA psychoactive substances | spa |
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dc.publisher.program | Psicología | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Sociedad, Cultura y Creatividad | spa |
dc.identifier.instname | instname:Politécnico Grancolombiano | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Alejandría Repositorio Comunidad | spa |
dc.type.hasversion | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:http://alejandria.poligran.edu.co | spa |
dc.type.redcol | https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP | |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/draft | spa |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce | spa |
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Psicología [207]